• Times for Davening

Times for Davening

Shacharis
1. The Shulchan Aruch lists the proper time to be after sunrise, but surely one fulfills the mitzva if one davens after daybreak.
2. One who is pressed for time, such as one who must leave early for a trip, to go to work, to attend a conference, etc., may daven, says the Shulchan Aruch from daybreak and need not wait.
3. The Biur Halacha quotes sources that say while davening after sunrise is best, choosing the choicest way of performing the mitzva is not essential to its performance and anyone may daven after daybreak. Of course, because of the restrictions for tefilin, this would be when the dark has dissipated to the extent that one can recognize another person at a distance of 6-8 feet. He concludes: although one should probably not be criticized for davening at the earlier time in any instance, the choicest time would be after sunrise.

Mincha
1. The Shulchan Aruch writes that one who davens after 6 1/2 hours of the day, (approximately 12:15 - 12:45 in the wintertime) is in the proper time period. However, the best time would be at 9 1/2 hours of the day (between 2 - 2:30). This is referred to as Mincha Ktana.
2. The Mishna Brura, however, quotes sources that one may daven the earlier time and not wait for the later time. He concludes that certainly if one has a reason to daven earlier he may do so.
3. The Aruch Hashulchan writes that davening after 9 1/2 hours or before is the same, even according to the Shulchan Aruch. These times are calculated according to the times when the Tamid offering was brought.

Maariv
1. The proper time, writes the Shulchan Aruch, is after 3 small stars are visible in the sky (approximately 50-72 minutes after sunset.)
2. However, it writes, that if the minyon davens earlier than this time, one should daven with them and repeat Shma later after the proper time. This is calculated upon the time used to daven the early minyon in the summer time.
3. The Mishna Brura suggests reciting all the parshios of Shma before going to sleep and have in mind the mitzva of Shma.